Learn about verbs indicating changes and indirect speech
Now Playing: Lesson Audio
Get a breakdown of the dialogue and translations instantly with the Premium line-by-line Audio. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Get this lesson’s key vocab, their translations and pronunciations. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Unlock Lesson Notes and Transcripts for every single lesson. Sign Up for a Free Lifetime Account and Get 7 Days of Premium Access.
| INTRODUCTION |
| John: Hi everyone, and welcome back to PolishPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 23 - Talking About Appearance in Polish. John here. |
| Marzena: Cześć. I'm Marzena. |
| John: In this lesson, you’ll learn about verbs that indicate change and indirect speech. The conversation takes place at home. |
| Marzena: It's between Ann and Mark. |
| John: The speakers are friends; therefore, they’ll speak informal Polish. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Ania: Ależ ona urosła. I jak wypiękniała. Ile ona ma lat? |
| Marek: W tym roku skończy 10 lat. Za rok pójdzie do czwartej klasy szkoły podstawowej. |
| Ania: Zrobiła się tak podobna do mamusi. I jak schudła. |
| Marek: No tak, ona schudła a ja przytyłem. |
| Ania: Ależ skąd, po prostu przybyło ci masy mięśniowej. |
| Marek: No i ubyło włosów. Monika mówi, że zupełnie wyłysiałem. |
| Ania: No co ty, masz tyle samo włosów co rok temu. |
| John: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Ann: Oh, how she has grown. And how attractive she has become. How old is she? |
| Mark: This year, she will turn 11. In one year, she will go into the fourth grade of elementary school. |
| Ann: She became so similar to her mommy. And she lost her weight. |
| Mark: Well yes, she did and I gained weight. |
| Ann: Oh come on, you just gain more muscle mass. |
| Mark: And I lost hair. Monica says that I'm completely bald. |
| Ann: Come on, you have the same hair as a year ago. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| John: Chatting about relatives is a common activity across many countries and cultures, isn’t it? |
| Marzena: Yes, it is. Especially talking about children. And, in Poland, everyone is a ciocia or wujek. |
| John: What does that mean? |
| Marzena: “Auntie” or “uncle.” |
| John: Do you mean blood relations only? |
| Marzena: No, sometimes a ciocia or wujek isn’t a blood relation but is just an adult that’s good friends with the parents. |
| John: That’s cute. I bet Polish children have many aunts and uncles. |
| Marzena: They do. It makes the parents’ friends all part of one big, happy family. |
| John: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| John: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Marzena: ależ [natural native speed] |
| John: how |
| Marzena: ależ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: ależ [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Marzena: urosnąć [natural native speed] |
| John: to grow |
| Marzena: urosnąć [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: urosnąć [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Marzena: wypięknieć [natural native speed] |
| John: to become attractive |
| Marzena: wypięknieć [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: wypięknieć [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Marzena: skończyć [natural native speed] |
| John: to end |
| Marzena: skończyć [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: skończyć [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Marzena: zrobić się [natural native speed] |
| John: to become |
| Marzena: zrobić się [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: zrobić się [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Marzena: podobny do [natural native speed] |
| John: similar to |
| Marzena: podobny do [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: podobny do [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Marzena: mamusia [natural native speed] |
| John: mommy |
| Marzena: mamusia [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: mamusia [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Marzena: ubyć [natural native speed] |
| John: to become less |
| Marzena: ubyć [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: ubyć [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Marzena: łysy [natural native speed] |
| John: bald |
| Marzena: łysy [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: łysy [natural native speed] |
| John: And last... |
| Marzena: zupełnie [natural native speed] |
| John: quite |
| Marzena: zupełnie [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Marzena: zupełnie [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| John: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Marzena: ależ |
| John: meaning "how." What can you tell us about this word? |
| Marzena: This is the conjunction ale, meaning "but," with the letter ż added to it. |
| John: So then it becomes “how.” |
| Marzena: You can use this particle, ależ, to say "how come." |
| John: When’s this word usually used? |
| Marzena: It’s a bit old-fashioned, but it’s usually at the start of a sentence. |
| John: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Marzena: Sure. For example, you can say, Ależ tutaj gorąco! |
| John: ...which means "How hot it is here!" |
| John: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Marzena: podobny do |
| John: meaning "similar to." Can you break this phrase down for us? |
| Marzena: First is the adjective podobny, meaning "similar." It’s followed by the preposition do. |
| John: This preposition means “to.” |
| Marzena: You can use this phrase to say that something is similar to something else. The noun used after this phrase is in genitive case. |
| John: Is the adjective in this phrase a masculine adjective? |
| Marzena: Yes, it is. You need to change the ending when you use it with feminine or neuter nouns. |
| John: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Marzena: Sure. For example, you can say, On jest bardzo podobny do taty. |
| John: ...which means "He is similar to his dad." |
| John: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Marzena: mamusia |
| John: meaning "mommy.” What can you tell us about this word? |
| Marzena: This is a cute way to say mama, which means “Mom.” |
| John: So can you use it to refer to your own mother? |
| Marzena: That’s right. |
| John: Is there a similar type of word that we can use for our fathers? |
| Marzena: Yes, you can use tatuś, meaning "Daddy." |
| John: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Marzena: Sure. For example, you can say, Mamusiu, kup mi lody. |
| John: ...which means "Mommy, buy me ice cream." |
| John: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| John: In this lesson, you'll learn about verbs indicating changes, and indirect speech. |
| John: How do we discuss changes in Polish, Marzena? |
| Marzena: We can use the verb zrobić się. |
| John: This can be translated as “to become.” |
| Marzena: It can be used with a wide variety of adjectives or verbs. |
| John: Are there other ways to say “to become?” |
| Marzena: You can also use the perfective version of some verbs that our listeners may already know. |
| John: Let’s hear some examples of these perfective verbs. |
| Marzena: wypięknieć |
| John: “To become beautiful.” |
| Marzena: schudnąć |
| John: “To lose weight.” |
| Marzena: urosnąć |
| John: “To grow.” Now, how about an example in a sentence? |
| Marzena: Co mam zrobić, żeby schudnąć? |
| John: “What should I do to lose weight?” Next, let’s look at how to discuss time passing. |
| Marzena: You can use the verb minąć to say “to pass.” |
| John: So this can be used to show how many years have passed. The form of the verb changes depending on how many years it is. |
| Marzena: That’s right. For 1 year, it’s minął; for 2-4, it’s minęły; for 5 and more, it’s minęło. |
| John: Let’s hear an example. |
| Marzena: Minęły trzy lata od kiedy zaczęłam studia. |
| John: “Three years ago I began my studies.” And finally, let’s look at indirect speech. This lets us report what someone else has said. |
| Marzena: To do this, you need one of the verbs meaning “to say,” like the imperfective mówić or the perfective powiedzieć. We use these words with the particle że. |
| John: Of course, these verbs change depending on the subject of the sentence. But, what about the sentence that comes after “he said” or “she said?” |
| Marzena: If the subject of that sentence is different from the subject of main sentence, then we leave it as it is. |
| John: And if it’s the same? |
| Marzena: Then we change the sentence from “I” to “he” or “she,” or from “we” to “they.” |
| John: Let’s hear some examples. |
| Marzena: Nie lubię pomidorów. |
| John: “I don’t like tomatoes.” Now if we make this indirect speech… |
| Marzena: On powiedział, że nie lubi pomidorów. |
| John: “He said that he doesn’t like tomatoes.” |
Outro |
| John: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Marzena: Cześć. |
Comments
Hide