Dialogue

Vocabulary (Review)

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Lesson Transcript

INTRODUCTION
John: Hi everyone, and welcome back to PolishPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 23 - Talking About Appearance in Polish. John here.
Marzena: Cześć. I'm Marzena.
John: In this lesson, you’ll learn about verbs that indicate change and indirect speech. The conversation takes place at home.
Marzena: It's between Ann and Mark.
John: The speakers are friends; therefore, they’ll speak informal Polish. Okay, let's listen to the conversation.
DIALOGUE
Ania: Ależ ona urosła. I jak wypiękniała. Ile ona ma lat?
Marek: W tym roku skończy 10 lat. Za rok pójdzie do czwartej klasy szkoły podstawowej.
Ania: Zrobiła się tak podobna do mamusi. I jak schudła.
Marek: No tak, ona schudła a ja przytyłem.
Ania: Ależ skąd, po prostu przybyło ci masy mięśniowej.
Marek: No i ubyło włosów. Monika mówi, że zupełnie wyłysiałem.
Ania: No co ty, masz tyle samo włosów co rok temu.
John: Listen to the conversation with the English translation.
Ann: Oh, how she has grown. And how attractive she has become. How old is she?
Mark: This year, she will turn 11. In one year, she will go into the fourth grade of elementary school.
Ann: She became so similar to her mommy. And she lost her weight.
Mark: Well yes, she did and I gained weight.
Ann: Oh come on, you just gain more muscle mass.
Mark: And I lost hair. Monica says that I'm completely bald.
Ann: Come on, you have the same hair as a year ago.
POST CONVERSATION BANTER
John: Chatting about relatives is a common activity across many countries and cultures, isn’t it?
Marzena: Yes, it is. Especially talking about children. And, in Poland, everyone is a ciocia or wujek.
John: What does that mean?
Marzena: “Auntie” or “uncle.”
John: Do you mean blood relations only?
Marzena: No, sometimes a ciocia or wujek isn’t a blood relation but is just an adult that’s good friends with the parents.
John: That’s cute. I bet Polish children have many aunts and uncles.
Marzena: They do. It makes the parents’ friends all part of one big, happy family.
John: Okay, now onto the vocab.
VOCAB LIST
John: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is...
Marzena: ależ [natural native speed]
John: how
Marzena: ależ [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Marzena: ależ [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Marzena: urosnąć [natural native speed]
John: to grow
Marzena: urosnąć [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Marzena: urosnąć [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Marzena: wypięknieć [natural native speed]
John: to become attractive
Marzena: wypięknieć [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Marzena: wypięknieć [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Marzena: skończyć [natural native speed]
John: to end
Marzena: skończyć [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Marzena: skończyć [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Marzena: zrobić się [natural native speed]
John: to become
Marzena: zrobić się [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Marzena: zrobić się [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Marzena: podobny do [natural native speed]
John: similar to
Marzena: podobny do [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Marzena: podobny do [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Marzena: mamusia [natural native speed]
John: mommy
Marzena: mamusia [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Marzena: mamusia [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Marzena: ubyć [natural native speed]
John: to become less
Marzena: ubyć [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Marzena: ubyć [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Marzena: łysy [natural native speed]
John: bald
Marzena: łysy [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Marzena: łysy [natural native speed]
John: And last...
Marzena: zupełnie [natural native speed]
John: quite
Marzena: zupełnie [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Marzena: zupełnie [natural native speed]
KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES
John: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is...
Marzena: ależ
John: meaning "how." What can you tell us about this word?
Marzena: This is the conjunction ale, meaning "but," with the letter ż added to it.
John: So then it becomes “how.”
Marzena: You can use this particle, ależ, to say "how come."
John: When’s this word usually used?
Marzena: It’s a bit old-fashioned, but it’s usually at the start of a sentence.
John: Can you give us an example using this word?
Marzena: Sure. For example, you can say, Ależ tutaj gorąco!
John: ...which means "How hot it is here!"
John: Okay, what's the next word?
Marzena: podobny do
John: meaning "similar to." Can you break this phrase down for us?
Marzena: First is the adjective podobny, meaning "similar." It’s followed by the preposition do.
John: This preposition means “to.”
Marzena: You can use this phrase to say that something is similar to something else. The noun used after this phrase is in genitive case.
John: Is the adjective in this phrase a masculine adjective?
Marzena: Yes, it is. You need to change the ending when you use it with feminine or neuter nouns.
John: Can you give us an example using this phrase?
Marzena: Sure. For example, you can say, On jest bardzo podobny do taty.
John: ...which means "He is similar to his dad."
John: Okay, what's the next word?
Marzena: mamusia
John: meaning "mommy.” What can you tell us about this word?
Marzena: This is a cute way to say mama, which means “Mom.”
John: So can you use it to refer to your own mother?
Marzena: That’s right.
John: Is there a similar type of word that we can use for our fathers?
Marzena: Yes, you can use tatuś, meaning "Daddy."
John: Can you give us an example using this word?
Marzena: Sure. For example, you can say, Mamusiu, kup mi lody.
John: ...which means "Mommy, buy me ice cream."
John: Okay, now onto the lesson focus.

Lesson focus

John: In this lesson, you'll learn about verbs indicating changes, and indirect speech.
John: How do we discuss changes in Polish, Marzena?
Marzena: We can use the verb zrobić się.
John: This can be translated as “to become.”
Marzena: It can be used with a wide variety of adjectives or verbs.
John: Are there other ways to say “to become?”
Marzena: You can also use the perfective version of some verbs that our listeners may already know.
John: Let’s hear some examples of these perfective verbs.
Marzena: wypięknieć
John: “To become beautiful.”
Marzena: schudnąć
John: “To lose weight.”
Marzena: urosnąć
John: “To grow.” Now, how about an example in a sentence?
Marzena: Co mam zrobić, żeby schudnąć?
John: “What should I do to lose weight?” Next, let’s look at how to discuss time passing.
Marzena: You can use the verb minąć to say “to pass.”
John: So this can be used to show how many years have passed. The form of the verb changes depending on how many years it is.
Marzena: That’s right. For 1 year, it’s minął; for 2-4, it’s minęły; for 5 and more, it’s minęło.
John: Let’s hear an example.
Marzena: Minęły trzy lata od kiedy zaczęłam studia.
John: “Three years ago I began my studies.” And finally, let’s look at indirect speech. This lets us report what someone else has said.
Marzena: To do this, you need one of the verbs meaning “to say,” like the imperfective mówić or the perfective powiedzieć. We use these words with the particle że.
John: Of course, these verbs change depending on the subject of the sentence. But, what about the sentence that comes after “he said” or “she said?”
Marzena: If the subject of that sentence is different from the subject of main sentence, then we leave it as it is.
John: And if it’s the same?
Marzena: Then we change the sentence from “I” to “he” or “she,” or from “we” to “they.”
John: Let’s hear some examples.
Marzena: Nie lubię pomidorów.
John: “I don’t like tomatoes.” Now if we make this indirect speech…
Marzena: On powiedział, że nie lubi pomidorów.
John: “He said that he doesn’t like tomatoes.”

Outro

John: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye!
Marzena: Cześć.

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