Vocabulary (Review)

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Lesson Transcript

Let's take a closer look at the conversation.
Let’s take a closer look at the conversation.
Do you remember how Marianna asks,
"How's the weather?"
Jaka jest pogoda?
Let's start with pogoda, "weather." Pogoda. Pogoda.
In Polish, all nouns have grammatical gender and are either singular or plural. Pogoda is feminine and singular — a fact which will determine the form of other words in the sentence.
Let's move to the start of the sentence, jaka, translating as “how” in this context. Jaka. Jaka.
Jaka is feminine and singular to agree with pogoda.
Next is jest, "is." Jest. Jest.
Jest is from the verb być, "to be." Być.
Together, Jaka jest pogoda? Literally "What is weather," but it translates as "How's the weather?"
Jaka jest pogoda?
Let's take a closer look at the response.
Do you remember how Karen says,
"It’s sunny?"
Jest słonecznie.
This starts with jest, literally “is,” but translates as "[It] is." Jest. Jest.
Jest is from the verb, być, "to be."
Next is słonecznie, literally "sunnily," but translates as "sunny" here. Słonecznie. Słonecznie.
Słonecznie is formed from the adjective słoneczny, "sunny." Słoneczny.
Together, Jest słonecznie. This literally means "Is sunny," but it translates as "It’s sunny."
Jest słonecznie.
The pattern is
Jest WEATHER CONDITION.
It’s WEATHER CONDITION.
Jest WEATHER CONDITION.
To use this pattern, simply replace the WEATHER CONDITION placeholder with the current weather condition.
Note: This pattern requires an adverb.
Imagine it's cloudy, pochmurno. “Cloudy.” Pochmurno. Pochmurno.
Literally “cloudily.”
Say
"It's cloudy."
Ready?
Jest pochmurno.
"It's cloudy."
Jest pochmurno.
It’s also possible to use this pattern with a phrase.
Jest ładna pogoda. “It’s nice weather.” Jest ładna pogoda.
Starting with pogoda, "weather." Pogoda. Pogoda.
In Polish, all nouns have grammatical gender and are either singular or plural. Pogoda is feminine and singular — a fact which will determine the form of other words in the sentence.
Before this is ładna, “nice.” ładna. ładna.
Ładna is singular and feminine to agree with pogoda.
Together, ładna pogoda, “Nice weather.” ładna pogoda
All together, Jest ładna pogoda. “It’s nice weather.” Jest ładna pogoda.
When talking about the weather, it’s common to use verbs or verb phrases in Polish. When using verbs to talk about the weather, the verbs are always conjugated in the third person singular.
For example, "It's sunny." In Polish świeci słońce.
First is świeci, "shines." Świeci. Świeci.
Świeci is the third person singular form of the verb świecić, "to shine." Świecić.
Next is słońce, "sun." Słońce. Słońce.
Together, świeci słońce, literally "[It] shines sun," but translates as "It's sunny." Świeci słońce.

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